How to Create a Table in HTML
A table is a structured set of data arranged in rows and columns. Tables are useful for displaying and organizing information on web pages. In this article, you will learn how to create, edit, and style tables in HTML.
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What is a table in HTML?
A table in HTML is defined by the <table> element. Inside the <table> element, you can use the following elements to create the structure of the table:
The <tr> element defines a table row.
The <td> element defines a table cell or data.
The <th> element defines a table header or heading.
The <caption> element defines a table caption or title.
You can also use the following elements to group and format the table cells:
The <thead> element defines the header section of the table.
The <tbody> element defines the body section of the table.
The <tfoot> element defines the footer section of the table.
The <colgroup> element defines a group of columns in the table.
The <col> element defines the properties of each column within a <colgroup> element.
Why use tables in HTML?
Tables are helpful for presenting and organizing data on web pages. Some of the benefits of using tables are:
They can make complex data easier to understand and compare.
They can improve the readability and accessibility of web pages.
They can enhance the design and layout of web pages.
When to use tables in HTML?
You should use tables in HTML when you have tabular data, which means data that is related by rows and columns. For example, you can use tables for:
Price lists
Schedules
Statistics
Forms
Comparisons
When not to use tables in HTML?
You should not use tables in HTML for non-tabular data, which means data that is not related by rows and columns. For example, you should not use tables for:
Navigation menus
Images
Text layout
Page structure
Using tables for non-tabular data can cause problems such as:
Poor performance and loading speed
Lack of responsiveness and flexibility
Incompatibility with different browsers and devices
Difficulty with maintenance and updates
Inaccessibility for users with disabilities or assistive technologies
How to make a table in HTML?
Basic syntax of a table in HTML
To make a basic table in HTML, you need to use the following syntax:
<table> <tr> Example of a simple table in HTML
Here is an example of a simple table in HTML that shows the names and scores of some students:
<table> <tr> <td>Alice</td> <td>90</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Bob</td> <td>80</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Charlie</td> <td>85</td> </tr> </table>
This is how the table looks like on the web page:
Alice
90
Bob
80
Charlie
85
How to add table headers, captions, and borders in HTML
To make the table more informative and attractive, you can add some elements to enhance its appearance and functionality. Here are some of the elements you can use:
The <th> element defines a table header or heading. You can use it to label the rows and columns of the table. By default, the text inside the <th> element is bold and centered.
The <caption> element defines a table caption or title. You can use it to give a brief description or summary of the table. By default, the caption is displayed above the table.
The border attribute defines the width of the border around the table and its cells. You can use it to make the table more visible and distinct. The value of the attribute is a number that represents the number of pixels of the border.
Here is an example of a table with headers, caption, and border in HTML:
<table border="1"> <caption>Student Scores</caption> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Score</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Alice</td> <td>90</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Bob</td> <td>80</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Charlie</td> <td>85</td> </tr> </table>
This is how the table looks like on the web page:
Student Scores
Name
Score
Alice
90
Bob
80
Charlie
85
How to merge and split cells in HTML
Sometimes, you may want to merge or split cells in a table to create a more complex layout or design. You can use the following attributes to do so:
The colspan attribute defines how many columns a cell should span across. You can use it to merge two or more cells horizontally.
The rowspan attribute defines how many rows a cell should span across. You can use it to merge two or more cells vertically.
<td> element defines a table cell or data. You can use it to split a cell into two or more cells.
Here is an example of a table with merged and split cells in HTML:
<table border="1"> <caption>Student Scores</caption> <tr> <th colspan="2">Name</th> <th rowspan="2">Score</th> </tr> <tr> <th>First Name</th> <th>Last Name</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Alice</td> <td>Smith</td> <td>90</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Bob Jones</td> <td>80</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Charlie Brown</td> <td>Brown</td> <td rowspan="2">85</td> </tr> <tr> <td>(no first name)</td> </tr> </table>
This is how the table looks like on the web page:
Student Scores
Name
Score
First Name
Last Name
Alice
Smith
90
Bob Jones
80
Charlie Brown
Brown
85
(no first name)
How to style tables with CSS in HTML
To make the table more appealing and customized, you can use CSS to style the table and its elements. CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets, and it is a language that describes how HTML elements should look on the web page. You can use CSS to change the color, font, size, alignment, spacing, border, background, and other properties of the table and its elements.
To use CSS, you need to link the HTML file with a CSS file or use the <style> element inside the HTML file. Then, you need to use selectors and declarations to target and style the table and its elements. Selectors are the names or identifiers of the HTML elements that you want to style. Declarations are the rules or instructions that define how the elements should look. Declarations consist of properties and values, separated by a colon and enclosed in curly braces. Properties are the aspects or attributes of the elements that you want to change. Values are the specific settings or choices that you want to apply to the properties.
Here is an example of a table styled with CSS in HTML:
<!DOCTYPE html>
This is how the table looks like on the web page:
How to edit a table in HTML?
How to add, delete, or modify rows and columns in HTML
To edit a table in HTML, you can use the following methods to add, delete, or modify rows and columns:
To add a new row at the end of the table, you can use the insertRow() method on the <table> element. This method returns a reference to the new <tr> element, which you can use to insert cells using the insertCell() method.
To add a new row at a specific position in the table, you can use the insertRow(index) method on the <table> element, where index is a number that represents the position of the new row. The index starts from 0 for the first row and -1 for the last row.
To delete a row from the table, you can use the deleteRow(index) method on the <table> element, where index is a number that represents the position of the row to be deleted. The index starts from 0 for the first row and -1 for the last row.
To add a new column at the end of each row in the table, you can use a loop to iterate over each <tr> element and use the insertCell() method on each of them. This method returns a reference to the new <td> element, which you can use to insert data.
To add a new column at a specific position in each row in the table, you can use a loop to iterate over each <tr> element and use the insertCell(index) method on each of them, where index is a number that represents the position of the new cell. The index starts from 0 for the first cell and -1 for the last cell.
To delete a column from the table, you can use a loop to iterate over each <tr> element and use the deleteCell(index) method on each of them, where index is a number that represents the position of the cell to be deleted. The index starts from 0 for the first cell and -1 for the last cell.
To modify an existing cell in the table, you can use the cells property on the <tr> element to access an array of cells in that row. Then, you can use the index of the cell to access and change its content or attributes.
Here is an example of how to edit a table in HTML using JavaScript:
<!DOCTYPE html>
This is how the table looks like on the web page after editing:
How to sort and filter data in HTML
To sort and filter data in a table in HTML, you can use JavaScript to manipulate and display the data according to your needs. JavaScript is a programming language that can add interactivity and functionality to web pages. You can use JavaScript to create functions that perform tasks such as sorting and filtering data based on certain criteria or conditions.
Here is an example of how to sort and filter data in HTML using JavaScript:
<!DOCTYPE html> -1) // If yes, display the row rows[i].style.display = ""; else // If no, hide the row rows[i].style.display = "none"; ); </script> </body> </html>
This is how the table looks like on the web page after filtering:
How to use accessibility features for tables in HTML
To make the table more accessible and user-friendly for people with disabilities or assistive technologies, you can use some features and attributes that improve the semantics and readability of the table. Here are some of the features and attributes you can use:
The <caption> element defines a table caption or title. You can use it to give a brief description or summary of the table. This can help users understand the purpose and content of the table.
The <th> element defines a table header or heading. You can use it to label the rows and columns of the table. This can help users navigate and interpret the data in the table.
The scope attribute defines the scope or range of a header cell. You can use it to specify whether a header cell applies to a row, a column, or a group of rows or columns. This can help users associate the data cells with their corresponding headers.
The summary attribute defines a summary or overview of a table. You can use it to provide additional information or context about the table. This can help users understand the structure and meaning of the table.
The aria-label attribute defines a label or name for an element. You can use it to provide a descriptive and meaningful name for a table or a group of cells. This can help users identify and distinguish different tables or sections of a table.
The aria-describedby attribute defines an element that describes another element. You can use it to link a table or a group of cells with another element that provides more details or explanation about them. This can help users access and comprehend additional information about the table or its elements.
Here is an example of how to use accessibility features for tables in HTML:
Score
Alice Smith
90
Bob Jones
80
Charlie Brown
85
David Lee
95
Eve Adams
75
Note: The table is sorted by name in ascending order.
// This is a JavaScript comment // Get the reference to the table element by its id var table = document.getElementById("myTable"); // Get the reference to the note element by its id var note = document.getElementById("note"); // Add an event listener to the table element that triggers a function when the user clicks on a header cell table.addEventListener("click", function(event) // Get the target of the event, which is the element that was clicked var target = event.target; // Check if the target is a header cell if (target.tagName == "TH") // Get the index of the header cell, which is the same as the index of the column var index = target.cellIndex; // Get an array of all the rows in the table var rows = table.rows; // Create an empty array to store the data cells in the column var cells = []; // Loop through all the rows in the table, starting from the second row (skipping the first row with headers) for (var i = 1; i textB) return 1; // If textA comes after textB, return a positive number return 0; // If textA and textB are equal, return zero ); // Loop through the cells array and append each cell to its parent row for (var i = 0; i
This is how the table looks like on the web page after sorting:
Conclusion
In this article, you learned how to create, edit, and style tables in HTML. You also learned how to sort and filter data in HTML using JavaScript. You also learned how to use some accessibility features and attributes for tables in HTML. Tables are useful for displaying and organizing data on web pages. However, you should use them only for tabular data, and not for non-tabular data or page layout. You should also use CSS and JavaScript to enhance and customize your tables according to your needs and preferences.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I create a responsive table in HTML?
A responsive table is a table that can adapt to different screen sizes and devices. There are different ways to create a responsive table in HTML, but one of the common methods is to use CSS media queries and overflow properties. A media query is a rule that applies different styles depending on certain conditions, such as screen width or device type. An overflow property defines how an element handles content that exceeds its size or boundaries.Here is an example of how to use CSS media queries and overflow properties to create a responsive table in HTML:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <style> /* This is a CSS comment */ /* Select the table element and apply some styles */ table width: 100%; /* Set the width of the table to 100% of the parent element */ border-collapse: collapse; /* Remove the space between the table cells */ /* Select the caption element and apply some styles */ caption font-size: 24px; /* Set the font size of the caption to 24 pixels */ font-weight: bold; /* Make the caption text bold */ color: white; /* Set the caption text color to white */ background-color: green; /* Set the caption background color to green */ padding: 10px; /* Add some space around the caption text */ /* Select the th element and apply some styles */ th font-size: 18px; /* Set the font size of the header text to 18 pixels */ color: white; /* Set the header text color to white */ background-color: blue; /* Set the header background color to blue */ padding: 5px; /* Add some space around the header text */ /* Select the td element and apply some styles */ td font-size: 16px; /* Set the font size of the data text to 16 pixels */ color: black; /* Set the data text color to black */ background-color: lightgray; /* Set the data background color to light gray */ padding: 5px; /* Add some space around the data text */ text-align: center; /* Align the data text to the center of the cell */ /* Use a media query to apply different styles for screens that are less than or equal to 600 pixels wide */ @media screen and (max-width: 600px) /* Select the table element and apply some styles */ table width: auto; /* Set the width of the table to fit its content */ overflow-x: auto; /* Enable horizontal scrolling if the table exceeds its parent element */ display: block; /* Display the table as a block-level element */ </style> </head> <body> <table id="myTable" summary="This table shows the names and scores of some students"> <caption aria-label="Student Scores Table">Student Scores</caption> <tr>
This is how the table looks like on the web page after resizing:
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